What Causes Obesity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

What Causes Obesity - Essay Example Some of the major causes for obesity are : Several studies say that environmental factors are among the major factors responsible for obesity. Lifestyle behaviors such as what a person eats, his friends, the people whom the person gets in touch, his surroundings, physical activity etc. are some of the factors. Genetics can also be causes of obesity, but it is not yet sure how much it is affected because the food habits of the family also may be the cause. Even so, science shows that heredity is linked to obesity. Obesity often is viewed as the result of a lack of willpower, weakness, or a lifestyle "choice"--the choice to overeat and under exercise. The belief that persons choose to be obese adds to the hesitation of health professionals and patients to accept the use of long-term appetite-suppressant medication treatment to manage obesity. Obesity, however, is more appropriately considered a chronic disease than a lifestyle choice. Obesity is the net result of an excess of energy consumption over expenditure. Obesity is a condition of excess body fat. Obesity is associated with too many adipose cells (hyperplastic obesity), adipose cells that are too large (hypertrophic obesity), or both. While changes in the size of adipose cells may occur at any age, the number of adult cells are fixed and determined by weight gain during certain periods of childhood development; fat cell numbers are established by late adolescence and, once established, do not decline. Being overweight or obese increases the risk to many diseases and health conditions, like Hypertension, Dyslipidemia (for example, high total cholesterol or high levels of triglycerides), Type 2 diabetes, Coronary heart disease, Stroke, Gallbladder disease, Osteoarthritis, Sleep apnea, Respiratory problems and some Cancers (endometrial, breast, and colon). Factors that must be considered as contributing to causation are: heredity, overeating, altered metabolism of adipose tissue,

The US Airline Industry in 2004 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The US Airline Industry in 2004 - Essay Example Intestate routes were being admitted and were dispersed to some twenty three airline companies. Also, a promulgated establishment of guidelines of priorities and inter-firm agreements was created. (Anon., n.d.) Pre-Deregulation Era In the succeeding years, an industrial ordeal took place as cost increases on the fares were implemented causing an ossification to the structure of the airline industry. As a result, manifold airlines were not approved to conduct operations between the year 1937 and 1978. Nevertheless, the so-called â€Å"new entrants† have set up themselves as carriers in the local geographical areas in the form of intra-state routes. Due to some oil shocks in the 1970s, an accelerated increase on the ticket prices brought hysterics towards the consumers. The Civil Aeronautics Board decided to impose large increments on fares and a four year frozen activities on some newly acquired routes and delimitation on the capacity of routes. In addition, developing argument s regarding economic liberalism has caused less neither government regulation nor intervention on market practices, and in this case, the US Airline Industry. ... Business Strategies The Hub-and-Spoke System As a matter of discussion and recollection, several changes have been made following the advent of the deregulation in 1978. The hub and spoke system was adapted which has both allowed more efficiency by traveller concentration and facility improvements and maintenance. The Hub and Spoke system is a specialized operation that would limit flights of large carriers to small ports; instead, larger airlines coordinate with smaller airlines to take the flight franchise on smaller airports and smaller towns and cities. Because of this, the erection of international airports has been limited overwhelmingly where in the case of the US, the only international airport that was added is the one in Denver since the deregulation era. The Direct Foreign Investment (FDI) According to (Izquierdo, Ribes and Rodriguez, 2010), in tradition, the theories relating to the internationalization of firms have been based on the behavior of manufacturing industries. However, there has been a marked shift towards the tertiarization of the economy on a global scale and direct foreign investment (FDI) in the service industries amounts to 50 – 60% of all FDI and the share is forecasted to rise further. Internationalisation, Mergers and Acquisitions Most of the world’s airlines, just like some of the US airlines, export their services to other countries. American, Southwest and Delta airways are involving its operation in the international market. Some of these internationalization movements are done in a direct manner but most of the time US Airlines are cooperating with foreign airline companies in a forged agreement. Several major US Airlines merged with international airlines or even acquires some of them with motives of

GFP Transformation Into E Coli Biology Essay

GFP Transformation Into E Coli Biology Essay Genetic transformation  is the technique of introducing a recombinant DNA into a living cell. In this experiment, we introduced pGLO plasmid into E. Coli bacteria through the heat-shock method. CaCl2 solution was used to make the E. coli cells competent. Intruduction Genetic transformation is the technique involving introduction and expression of foreign(exogenous) DNA in a living host cells. Scientists cut out interested gene from human, plants or animals DNA, insert it into a vector to produce a recombinant DNA and introduce the recombinant DNA into host cells which express the exogenous genes and produce interested proteins under appropriate condition. Demonstrated by Frederick Griffith in 1928, transformation has been applied in various areas of biotechonology. For example, genes coding for human insulin can be genetically transformed into bacterial cells. In this way, genetic transformation allows the production of protein products on a large scale. The introduction of a foreign DNA into a host cell requires the use of a vector. Vectors are small DNA molecules that can be used to combined with foreign genes and transfer them into the host cells. In a laboratory research, plasmid is one of the most commonly used vectors to transform foreign DNA. The recombinant plasmid used in this experiment is pGLO plasmids. pGLO plasmids contain  two genes that are useful: the gene coding for beta-lactamase and the gene coding for the green  ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡uorescent protein(GFP). The expression of beta-lactamase gene provides resistance to the antibiotic ampicillin. GFP is extracted from Aequorea victoria (bioluminescent jelly fish). It is a polypeptide consisting of 238 amino acid(Cubitt et al., 1995). For its non-invasive characteristic and capacity of resisting interferences, GFP has been widely used as a visual marker for gene expression for more than 20 years(Gilbert et al., 2000). Even under normal light, GFP presents yellow-green color that can be easily observed. The objects of this experiment were to perform a transformation of E. coli with a plasmid containing the GFP DNA gene and force the GPF to be expressed in a particular environment. In this experiment, we induced E. coli to take in pGLO into their cytoplasm and grew the E. coli cells in different plates. CaCl2 solution is utilized as transformation solution to increase cell membrane  permeability, thus plasmid vectors are able to enter the cell. The ampicillin-resistance gene in the plasmid was utilized as the selectable marker, which means E. coli cells transformed with plasmid are able to grow in an environment with ampicilin. Because the GPF expression is driven by the arabinose-stimulated PBAD promoter, it is expected that the E. coli cells grown in the plate with sugar arabinose would express GPF DNA and present a yellow-green color in the UV light. Materials and Methods Plasmid Transformation Plasmid could be easily taken in by E. coli cells if the cells had been treated with calcium salt. First of all, two micro test tubes were labeled with either +pGLO or -pGLO. Each tube was added with 250ÃŽ ¼L of CaCl2 solution and then placed on ice. A single colony of E. coli bacteria was added into each tube. The cells were dissolved into the solution by gently spinning the tubes. Then both tubes were placed on ice again. After the entire colony was dispersed, the tubes were examined with UV light to make sure that there were no visible green clumps of cells in the solution. Then 10ÃŽ ¼L of pGLO plasmid was added into the +pGLO tube and gently mixed, while no plasmid was added into -pGLO tube. Both tubes were placed on ice for 10 minutes. Following the 10-min incubation, the tubes were heat shocked. Both tubes were transferred into 42 °C water bath for exactly 50 seconds, and then immediately placed back on ice for 10 minutes. The heat shock process must be rapid. After heat shock, 250ÃŽ ¼L of Luria broth (LB) were added to each tube and the tubes were placed at room temperature for 10 minutes. Selection of GFP Transformation To grow and select the cells with GFP DNA, four agar plates were obtained: 1 LB, 2 LB/AMP and 1 LB/AMP/arabinose. Among them, 1 LB/AMP plate and 1 LB/AMP/arabinose plate were labeled with +pGLO, while 1 LB plate and 1 LB/AMP plate were labeled with -pGLO. 100ÃŽ ¼L of cells from +pGLO tube was added to each of the plates labeled with +pGLO, while 100ÃŽ ¼L of cells from -pGLO was added to each of the plates labeled with -pGLO. New sterile loops was used for each plate. The whole process was conducted near fire. Then four plates were stached upside down at 37 °C for 24 hours. A photo of the plates were taken in the UV light the next day. Results Figure 1 on the next page shows a photo of four plates. Table 1on the next page illustrates the observation results of each plate. From the photo, we can observe the growth condition of colonies on each of the four plate. Plate 1: the untransformed E. coli colonies grew normally and form a lawn on the plate; Plate 2: no colonies grew; Plate 3: transformed E. coli colonies grew and fluorescenced yellow-green in UV light; Plate 4: E. coli colonies grew and presented white color in UV light. Fig Photo was taken after the plates had been incubate at 37 °C for 24 hours. Table Observation of the colonies in each of the four plate Plates Sample Colonies 1 LB E. coli -pGLO plasmid lawn 2 LB/amp E. coli -pGLO plasmid no colonies 3 LB/amp/arabinose E. coli +pGLO plasmid yellow-green colonies 4 LB/amp E. coli +pGLO plasmid white colonies Discussion In the plate containing LB and E.coli -pGLO (Plate 1), bacterial cells formed a lawn, because there was no antibiotic in the medium. The cells grew normally as in natural condition. Plate 1 is a negative control which excludes possible contaminants. In the plate containing LB/amp and E.coli -pGLO(Plate 2), no colonies grew, because the ampicillin  in the medium killed the cells by inhibiting the cell wall from producing. In the plate containing LB/amp/ara and E.coli +pGLO(Plate 3), colonies were grew, because these bacterial cells contains plasmid carrying ampR gene which perform a resistance against ampicillin. Under UV light, the colonies emit green-yellow fluorescence, because the GFP gene on plasmid was expressed in an environment with arabinose. In the plate containing LB/amp and E.coli +pGLO(Plate 4), white colonies were grew because of the presence of ampR gene and absence of arabinose. The presence of ampicillin in the medium is to identify if the E.coli cells have taken in plasmid and thus acquired ampicillin-resistance gene on the plasmid. The results of Plate 4 compared with Plate 2 indicate that E.coli cells have taken in plasmid successfully. The presence of arabinose is to identify if the E.coli cells containing recombinant plasmid successfully inserted with GFP gene. The results of Plate 3 compared with Plate 4 indicate that the plasmid was successfully recombined, thus the cells express GFP under the induction of arabinose. Conclusion In this experiment, GFP transformation in E. coli was perform in order to examine how the recombinant plasmid can be introduced into bacterial cells, incorporated into bacterial genome and express recombinant protein. The experiment shows the expected results, which successfully support the hypothesis.

The Importance of Being Earnest Essay -- Literary Analysis

Oscar Wilde’s The Importance of Being Earnest is a timeless comedy of manners in which two young, light-hearted men, pretend their names are ‘Ernest’ in a bid to impress their love interests, who both believe the name Ernest bestows magical qualities on the possessor. Throughout the play, Wilde uses a mix of social drama, melodrama and farce to appeal to the audience. Through his gentle use of parody Wilde is able to ridicule his contemporaries and attack the values and attitudes of Victorian society, such as; wealth, hierarchy, respectability, morality and self- interest. Via satirical dialogue and dramatic irony Wilde is able to reveal the moral hypocrisy at the heart of the Victorian era. The title â€Å"The importance of being Earnest† places an ironical importance on a plot about men leading ‘double lives’, lying to family and friends about their private lives, so they can take trips away and do the things they really want to do. Both Jack and Algernon lead a double life, a life separate from their family and friends; Jack uses his imaginary brother ‘Ernest’ to escape his life in the country. Whilst Algernon uses his imaginary friend ‘Bunbury’ to escape social gatherings, suggesting that both men find the stresses of society and their lives extremely restrictive, and in order to escape the constraints of society they must lie or deceive. Via his play Wilde claims that the majority of Victorian society wears some sort of social mask. Many critics have argued that each character depicted in the play is an extension of Wilde himself, and that Algernon and Jack’s ‘double life’ represent Wilde’s own alter ego which hid his homosexuality and many of his illicit affairs from a society that frowned upon homosexual acts. Through his p... ...being Earnest and other plays page 325 http://www.shmoop.com/importance-of-being-earnest/writing-style.html Oscar wilde the importance of being earnest and other plays page 304 http://www.thefreedictionary.com/earnest http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/earnest/themes.html Donohue and Berggren 1995, p.281 http://www.indiastudychannel.com/resources/111841-The-Title-The-Importance-Being-Earnest.aspx Kumaraditya Sarkar York notes, the importance of being earnest, pg. 6 The importance of being earnest and other plays Page 297 http://www.gradesaver.com/the-importance-of-being-earnest/study-guide/about/ 22/04/2012 http://sexualityinart.wordpress.com/2009/02/27/the-importance-of-being-earnest-a-comedy-of-manners-and-culture-revealing-double-lives-and-universal-truths/ 6/04/2012 http://dreamhawk.com/inner-life/the-importance-of-being-earnest/ 6/04/2012

Place You Have Visited for a Holiday

Cameron Highlands is the smallest district in the state of Pahang which is located in the north-western corner of the state. One of the wonders of Malaysia, it is the largest and most famous hill resort in the country. This highland paradise still retains much of the charm of an English village. Being a primarily agricultural domain, you will find an abundance of vegetables and fruits farms here. Cameron Highlands is also the leading producer of flowers and tea in Malaysia. Be prepared for a lovely sight of extraordinary flowers you won’t see flourishing elsewhere in Malaysia!Located on the Titiwangsa Range at about 1500 metres above sea-level, the temperature here can drop to 16 ? C or lower at certain times. Cameron Highlands is made up of 4 main townships followed by smaller settlements at different elevations. The first town from the south is Ringlet, followed by Tanah Rata, Brinchang, Kea Farm, Tringkap, Kuala Terla and Kampung Raja. Ringlet If you're driving via the old road from Tapah, this is the first town you will reach. Located at an elevation of 1,200 metres above sea-level, Ringlet is one of the main agricultural hub for the highlands.Bertam Valley  which is located about 5km away is one of the main flower and vegetable producers in Cameron highlands. You wont find any hotels here in Ringlet. The nearest hotel is the LakeHouse which is less then 10 minutes away. This is also the place to fill up on fuel if you're low on supply. Tanah Rata Further up is Tanah Rata which is about 12 km’s (20 minutes drive) from Ringlet. This is the administrative capital of Cameron Highlands where the government offices, hospital and the district police station is located.The main bus station is also located here and this is where you would be able to get your transportation needs within and out of the highlands sorted out. Most of the chalets and backpacker's accommodation is located here in and around Tanah Rata, Almost all the jungle trekking and w aterfall trails starts from here. Local tours and transfers out of Cameron Highlands can be obtained from the various tour operators in town. Money changers and internet cafe's can also be found here. Tanah Rata would be a nice place to enjoy the highlands, especially during the weekdays.It is much more quieter compared to Brinchang where most of the big hotels and restaurants are located. Brinchang Next is Brinchang which is about 4 km’s (10 minutes drive) from Tanah Rata. This is where you will find most of the hotels and restaurants. The night market which is open every Saturday night and on holidays, features all kinds of vegetables, flowers, fruits and other products of the highlands. This place can get really crowded during the weekends and holiday season. Traffic jams and parking problems can be a nightmare during this time.Next to Ringlet, this is the only other town with petrol stations so keep your fuel tank in check. Kea Farm, Tringkap, Kuala Terla & Kampung Raja B eyond Brinchang, the road leads to all the way to Blue Valley. Most of the tourist spots are located around this route. This is where you will find the markets, vegetable farms, flower gardens, bee gardens and butterfly gardens. The road also branches out to the Sungai Palas tea plantation from here where you can visit the factory or have a cup of tea while enjoying the breathtaking view of the plantation.If you continue on the main road heading north, it will be downhill from Kea Farm onwards. You will see vegetables farms all the way from here to Tringkap and beyond. Tringkap is a small farming community where you can find stalls along the road selling local produce. Fifteen minutes away is Kuala Terla, another small farming community. Kampung Raja is the last town on the map. Since the opening of the Simpang Pulai road, this town has become the gateway to the highlands from the north. From here, you can head west to Ipoh or east to Gua Musang in Kelantan. Place You Have Visited for a Holiday Cameron Highlands is the smallest district in the state of Pahang which is located in the north-western corner of the state. One of the wonders of Malaysia, it is the largest and most famous hill resort in the country. This highland paradise still retains much of the charm of an English village. Being a primarily agricultural domain, you will find an abundance of vegetables and fruits farms here. Cameron Highlands is also the leading producer of flowers and tea in Malaysia. Be prepared for a lovely sight of extraordinary flowers you won’t see flourishing elsewhere in Malaysia!Located on the Titiwangsa Range at about 1500 metres above sea-level, the temperature here can drop to 16 ? C or lower at certain times. Cameron Highlands is made up of 4 main townships followed by smaller settlements at different elevations. The first town from the south is Ringlet, followed by Tanah Rata, Brinchang, Kea Farm, Tringkap, Kuala Terla and Kampung Raja. Ringlet If you're driving via the old road from Tapah, this is the first town you will reach. Located at an elevation of 1,200 metres above sea-level, Ringlet is one of the main agricultural hub for the highlands.Bertam Valley  which is located about 5km away is one of the main flower and vegetable producers in Cameron highlands. You wont find any hotels here in Ringlet. The nearest hotel is the LakeHouse which is less then 10 minutes away. This is also the place to fill up on fuel if you're low on supply. Tanah Rata Further up is Tanah Rata which is about 12 km’s (20 minutes drive) from Ringlet. This is the administrative capital of Cameron Highlands where the government offices, hospital and the district police station is located.The main bus station is also located here and this is where you would be able to get your transportation needs within and out of the highlands sorted out. Most of the chalets and backpacker's accommodation is located here in and around Tanah Rata, Almost all the jungle trekking and w aterfall trails starts from here. Local tours and transfers out of Cameron Highlands can be obtained from the various tour operators in town. Money changers and internet cafe's can also be found here. Tanah Rata would be a nice place to enjoy the highlands, especially during the weekdays.It is much more quieter compared to Brinchang where most of the big hotels and restaurants are located. Brinchang Next is Brinchang which is about 4 km’s (10 minutes drive) from Tanah Rata. This is where you will find most of the hotels and restaurants. The night market which is open every Saturday night and on holidays, features all kinds of vegetables, flowers, fruits and other products of the highlands. This place can get really crowded during the weekends and holiday season. Traffic jams and parking problems can be a nightmare during this time.Next to Ringlet, this is the only other town with petrol stations so keep your fuel tank in check. Kea Farm, Tringkap, Kuala Terla & Kampung Raja B eyond Brinchang, the road leads to all the way to Blue Valley. Most of the tourist spots are located around this route. This is where you will find the markets, vegetable farms, flower gardens, bee gardens and butterfly gardens. The road also branches out to the Sungai Palas tea plantation from here where you can visit the factory or have a cup of tea while enjoying the breathtaking view of the plantation.If you continue on the main road heading north, it will be downhill from Kea Farm onwards. You will see vegetables farms all the way from here to Tringkap and beyond. Tringkap is a small farming community where you can find stalls along the road selling local produce. Fifteen minutes away is Kuala Terla, another small farming community. Kampung Raja is the last town on the map. Since the opening of the Simpang Pulai road, this town has become the gateway to the highlands from the north. From here, you can head west to Ipoh or east to Gua Musang in Kelantan.

Inspiration for Inquiry Essay

The school that is subject for evaluation in this paper is a charter school in Michigan, a publicly funded school, which means, the students are not allowed to pay any charges beyond the funds allocated to the school.   The state and the local district is the one that provides for the operation.   Since the school is instituted to meet the greater demand for education, this school is non-sectarian and non-discriminatory. It accepts all types of students regardless of religion or race.   In the same way, religious or cultural beliefs are not prohibited here.   The obvious problem in this school is that, students are selected by lottery to avoid any biases in the assortment since the school cannot accommodate students beyond their limit.   The school is serving an economically disadvantaged and racially diverse population.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Being a relatively small public school, this school receives monetary support and services from both the state and local government lower than conventional public schools.   As a result of conducted test, assessment of students’ outcomes is generally low.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The staff of the school particularly the principal is less experienced and has less management credentials.   Teachers here on the other hand, are very efficient for they have active participation especially in informal professional development such as mentoring and shadowing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, despite good performances, the school experience insufficiencies especially if we will consider its long-term success. Although the school has given autonomy yet, it is bounded in such a way that parents have direct involvement in them.   Likewise, teachers are found less motivated after three years of teaching for seeing that school mission is not met by the school. Teaching staff comprises about fifty percent of the total staff, about forty percent of these teachers are in twenties, while the females are in seventy percent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Teachers are notably satisfied with the school facilities but not in their salaries. Aside from that, only few teachers are enrolled in the retirement program of the state.   Their expectations before they were hired were higher than what they experience.   The reason according to authorities, the school receive minimal budget from the local government.   In effect, most of these teachers after gaining enough experience would move to other school.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Teachers are highly receptive for change, and that is why they expect for change from both the board of directors and the parents.   At least sufficient intervention from the local government and parents are needed to mend these needs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In view of organizational climate, parents participate less in the direction of the school.   The less experienced principal cannot do something about the problem.   The teachers behave in such a way that maintains what actually exists with mind to get out once the needed employment experience has been satisfied.   They all work for the accomplishment of set goals without great desire for a much higher academic achievements. Teachers are performing quite well for a limited sources and privileges that affect generally the instruction.   People are seemingly individualistic aiming to sustain the daily challenges having no definite direction ahead of them since no regular monitoring for corrective measures are prearranged.   Likewise, students are less challenged and grades are relatively low. Inquiry Statement   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The problems manifested in this paper require a considerable attention from proper authorities particularly the principal.   Specific issues that sought deliberation are formulated for key areas of concern. How could the school generate enough funding for their annual expenditures? Funding is seen as the number one problem; this is the reason why the school cannot create programs for the development of the curriculum and facilities that hinders cooperative values among them. How the school could produce technical supports needed to meet academic requirement? Other concerns that may not be covered by the budget can be produced through technical supports.   If needs are met, the culture of cooperation among the staff can be developed. What are the necessary steps to improve the quality of instruction in the classroom? It aims to improve not only the quality of education but also the credibility of the teachers.   The value of competitiveness must be developed among the teachers and staff. What necessary steps are needed to promote professional growth of the teachers? Professional growth of teachers is significant to maintain teachers’ retention.   This can be achieved by giving trainings to teachers and by upgrading their salaries.   This will help develop commitment among the teachers. What standardized evaluation is to formulate to measure the school performance? Regular evaluation of teachers’ performance, students’ scholastic achievement, and school performance as well, will ensure growth of the school.   Once the school has clearly established goals, teachers would be challenged to participate in the achievement of goals. What policies are to integrate that will develop in-depth structure of parents-teachers organization.   This aims to promote good partnership between parents and school for the improvement of the school. These inquiry statements are formulated in order to guide the leader in creating a culture that meets organizational objectives. Hypothesis               . The question that needs to be asked to determine whether our school faculty is receptive of change is whether they are willing to move their institution towards greater focus on student learning and success. I believe that in order for the institution to achieve its goal, the school system not only the faculty should promote a community environment that is receptive to change. Indeed the need for change in the operation of college and universities is becoming obvious. Change is now the much-loved term of organizational development.   Everyone must be willing to alter change that starts from the upper level of the organization.   However, if no one would be willing to open their eyes for greater impact in the community, no change will occur. In the same way, once the needs for improvement have been identified, a structured-plan must be implemented in such a way that results are interrelated that affects the organization as a whole. In effect, a different organizational culture will be formed.   These are the desirable values and norms that support one another toward the growth of each one; of course for the achievement of mission and vision of the school.   This time, the value of time, cooperation, participation, respect, commitment, and camaraderie begin to envelope the organization. Evidence from the Literature In the foreword of Christine Johnson’s McPhail (2005) book, she pointed out that,   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Projection done by the Bureau of Labor Statistic show a growing disparity between job requirements and employee skills. Higher education institution, including community colleges, needs to accept more responsibility for what our students learn† (p. vi).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Johnson asserts that most schools and community colleges are changing their instructional program and services, recruitment, hiring, training of faculty, and service delivery, almost daily. Johnson emphasized the reason behind these changes is to recapture the drive that founded the schools and community college movement, reinforced its multiple missions, and to find expression in the success of the learner. Thus in our school system, the need for change of our faculty has been recognized as an important catalyst of improving the institution towards the student greater learning and expression of success. Our faculty is receptive of this change in view of the need to address the growing disparity between job requirements and employee skills.   Marvin Wideen and Ivy Pye (1994) noted that teachers’ first concern about change in the institution is all about â€Å"teaching and learning activities† for improvement of student learning (p. 135). As the need for change is recognized as important in the development of the professional learning communities a leader therefore should build culture that will support the professional learning communities in practice by establishing a culture of intellectual discipline distinct from the professional standard of the institution. Armstrong, Thompson, and Brown (1997) emphasized that academic managers has the critical role to â€Å"encourage and support colleagues’ adaptation to change† (p. 98).   Some of the values that must be developed is intellectual discipline, which means an emphasis on professionalism in thinking, speaking, and in doing, in other words, making it a habit to be professional. Another way to build a culture that will support professional learning communities in practice is to develop a culture of caring and obliging community. In contrast with individualism and consumerism, this will help professionals to be more at ease and cheerful as they perform their work. It is quite a familiar idea that its not at all monetary issue that is important in the work place. Creating such cultures can establish positive values and attitudes that are important towards sustaining interpersonal relationship. Richard Barrett (2006) noted that harmonious interpersonal relationships is significant for the survival of the organization; hence, there should be â€Å"a sense of loyalty and belongingness among employees and a sense of caring and connection between the organization and its customers† (p. 29). In the same manner, cultural values in an organization play an important role in directing change.   Weiner and Ronch (2003) emphasized that â€Å"culture is constructed of values, beliefs, and assumptions about how the world works; values represent the organization’s ideas about what ought to be (p. 16).   He further stated that values rooted in the culture provide the foundation and guiding elements in the organization that drive people to follow. Findings   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In what ways, school culture can influence leadership?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Preeddy and Glatter stated, â€Å"Culture is the glue that holds everyone together† (p. 96).   Normally, cultural values influence leadership.   It is explained using a double-headed arrow.   The school leader is part of the school that influences it. Being a part of that culture, the leader uses leadership that caters to the need and values of the people.   In the same way, the kind of leadership affects or influences the culture of the organization.   It is a give and take response because a culture gradually changes as many people come in and participate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cultural values are possible using the idea that school culture can affect leadership.   Leadership must direct cultural change, and the kind of leadership that can move the culture to undergo change is penetrating the culture itself and identify weaker areas that need change.   Once the need is recognized, the group can be motivated to alter change for the better.   The school above is open for change if only the leader is open to initiate such change. Work Cited Armstrong, S., Thompson, G., & Brown, S. 1997. Facing Up to Radical Changes in Universities and Colleges.   UK: Routledge. Barrett, Richard. 2006. Building a Values-Driven Organization: A Whole System Approach to Cultural Transformation. UK: Elsevier Inc. McPhail, Christine. 2005. Establishing & Sustaining Learning-Centered Community Colleges.   USA: American Association of Community Colleges. Preedy, M. & Glatter, R. 2003. Strategic Leadership and Educational Improvement. London: Sage Publication Company. Weiner, A. & Ronch, J. 2003. Culture Change in Long-Term Care. USA: Haworth Press. Wideen, M. & Pye, I. 1994. The Struggle for Change: The Story of One School.   UK: Routledge.